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368 | """
Create a maze using a recursive division method.
For more information on the algorithm, see "Recursive Division Method"
at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maze_generation_algorithm
Artwork from https://kenney.nl
If Python and Arcade are installed, this example can be run from the command line with:
python -m arcade.examples.maze_recursive
"""
import random
import arcade
import timeit
import os
NATIVE_SPRITE_SIZE = 128
SPRITE_SCALING = 0.25
SPRITE_SIZE = int(NATIVE_SPRITE_SIZE * SPRITE_SCALING)
SCREEN_WIDTH = 1000
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 700
SCREEN_TITLE = "Maze Recursive Example"
MOVEMENT_SPEED = 8
TILE_EMPTY = 0
TILE_CRATE = 1
# Maze must have an ODD number of rows and columns.
# Walls go on EVEN rows/columns.
# Openings go on ODD rows/columns
MAZE_HEIGHT = 51
MAZE_WIDTH = 51
# How many pixels to keep as a minimum margin between the character
# and the edge of the screen.
VIEWPORT_MARGIN = 200
MERGE_SPRITES = True
def create_empty_grid(width, height, default_value=TILE_EMPTY):
""" Create an empty grid. """
grid = []
for row in range(height):
grid.append([])
for column in range(width):
grid[row].append(default_value)
return grid
def create_outside_walls(maze):
""" Create outside border walls."""
# Create left and right walls
for row in range(len(maze)):
maze[row][0] = TILE_CRATE
maze[row][len(maze[row]) - 1] = TILE_CRATE
# Create top and bottom walls
for column in range(1, len(maze[0]) - 1):
maze[0][column] = TILE_CRATE
maze[len(maze) - 1][column] = TILE_CRATE
def make_maze_recursive_call(maze, top, bottom, left, right):
"""
Recursive function to divide up the maze in four sections
and create three gaps.
Walls can only go on even numbered rows/columns.
Gaps can only go on odd numbered rows/columns.
Maze must have an ODD number of rows and columns.
"""
# Figure out where to divide horizontally
start_range = bottom + 2
end_range = top - 1
y = random.randrange(start_range, end_range, 2)
# Do the division
for column in range(left + 1, right):
maze[y][column] = TILE_CRATE
# Figure out where to divide vertically
start_range = left + 2
end_range = right - 1
x = random.randrange(start_range, end_range, 2)
# Do the division
for row in range(bottom + 1, top):
maze[row][x] = TILE_CRATE
# Now we'll make a gap on 3 of the 4 walls.
# Figure out which wall does NOT get a gap.
wall = random.randrange(4)
if wall != 0:
gap = random.randrange(left + 1, x, 2)
maze[y][gap] = TILE_EMPTY
if wall != 1:
gap = random.randrange(x + 1, right, 2)
maze[y][gap] = TILE_EMPTY
if wall != 2:
gap = random.randrange(bottom + 1, y, 2)
maze[gap][x] = TILE_EMPTY
if wall != 3:
gap = random.randrange(y + 1, top, 2)
maze[gap][x] = TILE_EMPTY
# If there's enough space, to a recursive call.
if top > y + 3 and x > left + 3:
make_maze_recursive_call(maze, top, y, left, x)
if top > y + 3 and x + 3 < right:
make_maze_recursive_call(maze, top, y, x, right)
if bottom + 3 < y and x + 3 < right:
make_maze_recursive_call(maze, y, bottom, x, right)
if bottom + 3 < y and x > left + 3:
make_maze_recursive_call(maze, y, bottom, left, x)
def make_maze_recursion(maze_width, maze_height):
""" Make the maze by recursively splitting it into four rooms. """
maze = create_empty_grid(maze_width, maze_height)
# Fill in the outside walls
create_outside_walls(maze)
# Start the recursive process
make_maze_recursive_call(maze, maze_height - 1, 0, 0, maze_width - 1)
return maze
class MyGame(arcade.Window):
""" Main application class. """
def __init__(self, width, height, title):
"""
Initializer
"""
super().__init__(width, height, title)
# Set the working directory (where we expect to find files) to the same
# directory this .py file is in. You can leave this out of your own
# code, but it is needed to easily run the examples using "python -m"
# as mentioned at the top of this program.
file_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
os.chdir(file_path)
# Sprite lists
self.player_list = None
self.wall_list = None
# Player info
self.score = 0
self.player_sprite = None
# Physics engine
self.physics_engine = None
# Used to scroll
self.view_bottom = 0
self.view_left = 0
# Time to process
self.processing_time = 0
self.draw_time = 0
def setup(self):
""" Set up the game and initialize the variables. """
# Sprite lists
self.player_list = arcade.SpriteList()
self.wall_list = arcade.SpriteList()
# Set up the player
self.score = 0
maze = make_maze_recursion(MAZE_WIDTH, MAZE_HEIGHT)
# Create sprites based on 2D grid
if not MERGE_SPRITES:
# This is the simple-to-understand method. Each grid location
# is a sprite.
for row in range(MAZE_HEIGHT):
for column in range(MAZE_WIDTH):
if maze[row][column] == 1:
wall = arcade.Sprite(":resources:images/tiles/grassCenter.png", SPRITE_SCALING)
wall.center_x = column * SPRITE_SIZE + SPRITE_SIZE / 2
wall.center_y = row * SPRITE_SIZE + SPRITE_SIZE / 2
self.wall_list.append(wall)
else:
# This uses new Arcade 1.3.1 features, that allow me to create a
# larger sprite with a repeating texture. So if there are multiple
# cells in a row with a wall, we merge them into one sprite, with a
# repeating texture for each cell. This reduces our sprite count.
for row in range(MAZE_HEIGHT):
column = 0
while column < len(maze):
while column < len(maze) and maze[row][column] == 0:
column += 1
start_column = column
while column < len(maze) and maze[row][column] == 1:
column += 1
end_column = column - 1
column_count = end_column - start_column + 1
column_mid = (start_column + end_column) / 2
wall = arcade.Sprite(":resources:images/tiles/grassCenter.png", SPRITE_SCALING,
repeat_count_x=column_count)
wall.center_x = column_mid * SPRITE_SIZE + SPRITE_SIZE / 2
wall.center_y = row * SPRITE_SIZE + SPRITE_SIZE / 2
wall.width = SPRITE_SIZE * column_count
self.wall_list.append(wall)
# Set up the player
self.player_sprite = arcade.Sprite(":resources:images/animated_characters/female_person/"
"femalePerson_idle.png",
SPRITE_SCALING)
self.player_list.append(self.player_sprite)
# Randomly place the player. If we are in a wall, repeat until we aren't.
placed = False
while not placed:
# Randomly position
self.player_sprite.center_x = random.randrange(MAZE_WIDTH * SPRITE_SIZE)
self.player_sprite.center_y = random.randrange(MAZE_HEIGHT * SPRITE_SIZE)
# Are we in a wall?
walls_hit = arcade.check_for_collision_with_list(self.player_sprite, self.wall_list)
if len(walls_hit) == 0:
# Not in a wall! Success!
placed = True
self.physics_engine = arcade.PhysicsEngineSimple(self.player_sprite, self.wall_list)
# Set the background color
arcade.set_background_color(arcade.color.AMAZON)
# Set the viewport boundaries
# These numbers set where we have 'scrolled' to.
self.view_left = 0
self.view_bottom = 0
print(f"Total wall blocks: {len(self.wall_list)}")
def on_draw(self):
"""
Render the screen.
"""
# This command has to happen before we start drawing
arcade.start_render()
# Start timing how long this takes
draw_start_time = timeit.default_timer()
# Draw all the sprites.
self.wall_list.draw()
self.player_list.draw()
# Draw info on the screen
sprite_count = len(self.wall_list)
output = f"Sprite Count: {sprite_count}"
arcade.draw_text(output,
self.view_left + 20,
SCREEN_HEIGHT - 20 + self.view_bottom,
arcade.color.WHITE, 16)
output = f"Drawing time: {self.draw_time:.3f}"
arcade.draw_text(output,
self.view_left + 20,
SCREEN_HEIGHT - 40 + self.view_bottom,
arcade.color.WHITE, 16)
output = f"Processing time: {self.processing_time:.3f}"
arcade.draw_text(output,
self.view_left + 20,
SCREEN_HEIGHT - 60 + self.view_bottom,
arcade.color.WHITE, 16)
self.draw_time = timeit.default_timer() - draw_start_time
def on_key_press(self, key, modifiers):
"""Called whenever a key is pressed. """
if key == arcade.key.UP:
self.player_sprite.change_y = MOVEMENT_SPEED
elif key == arcade.key.DOWN:
self.player_sprite.change_y = -MOVEMENT_SPEED
elif key == arcade.key.LEFT:
self.player_sprite.change_x = -MOVEMENT_SPEED
elif key == arcade.key.RIGHT:
self.player_sprite.change_x = MOVEMENT_SPEED
def on_key_release(self, key, modifiers):
"""Called when the user releases a key. """
if key == arcade.key.UP or key == arcade.key.DOWN:
self.player_sprite.change_y = 0
elif key == arcade.key.LEFT or key == arcade.key.RIGHT:
self.player_sprite.change_x = 0
def on_update(self, delta_time):
""" Movement and game logic """
start_time = timeit.default_timer()
# Call update on all sprites (The sprites don't do much in this
# example though.)
self.physics_engine.update()
# --- Manage Scrolling ---
# Track if we need to change the viewport
changed = False
# Scroll left
left_bndry = self.view_left + VIEWPORT_MARGIN
if self.player_sprite.left < left_bndry:
self.view_left -= left_bndry - self.player_sprite.left
changed = True
# Scroll right
right_bndry = self.view_left + SCREEN_WIDTH - VIEWPORT_MARGIN
if self.player_sprite.right > right_bndry:
self.view_left += self.player_sprite.right - right_bndry
changed = True
# Scroll up
top_bndry = self.view_bottom + SCREEN_HEIGHT - VIEWPORT_MARGIN
if self.player_sprite.top > top_bndry:
self.view_bottom += self.player_sprite.top - top_bndry
changed = True
# Scroll down
bottom_bndry = self.view_bottom + VIEWPORT_MARGIN
if self.player_sprite.bottom < bottom_bndry:
self.view_bottom -= bottom_bndry - self.player_sprite.bottom
changed = True
if changed:
arcade.set_viewport(self.view_left,
SCREEN_WIDTH + self.view_left,
self.view_bottom,
SCREEN_HEIGHT + self.view_bottom)
# Save the time it took to do this.
self.processing_time = timeit.default_timer() - start_time
def main():
""" Main function """
window = MyGame(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SCREEN_TITLE)
window.setup()
arcade.run()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
|