Step 12 - Add Character Animations, and Better Keyboard Control#
Add character animations!
Animate Characters#
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Platformer Game
python -m arcade.examples.platform_tutorial.12_animate_character
"""
import arcade
# Constants
SCREEN_WIDTH = 1000
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 650
SCREEN_TITLE = "Platformer"
# Constants used to scale our sprites from their original size
TILE_SCALING = 0.5
CHARACTER_SCALING = TILE_SCALING * 2
COIN_SCALING = TILE_SCALING
SPRITE_PIXEL_SIZE = 128
GRID_PIXEL_SIZE = SPRITE_PIXEL_SIZE * TILE_SCALING
# Movement speed of player, in pixels per frame
PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEED = 7
GRAVITY = 1.5
PLAYER_JUMP_SPEED = 30
PLAYER_START_X = SPRITE_PIXEL_SIZE * TILE_SCALING * 2
PLAYER_START_Y = SPRITE_PIXEL_SIZE * TILE_SCALING * 1
# Constants used to track if the player is facing left or right
RIGHT_FACING = 0
LEFT_FACING = 1
LAYER_NAME_MOVING_PLATFORMS = "Moving Platforms"
LAYER_NAME_PLATFORMS = "Platforms"
LAYER_NAME_COINS = "Coins"
LAYER_NAME_BACKGROUND = "Background"
LAYER_NAME_LADDERS = "Ladders"
LAYER_NAME_PLAYER = "Player"
def load_texture_pair(filename):
"""
Load a texture pair, with the second being a mirror image.
"""
return [
arcade.load_texture(filename),
arcade.load_texture(filename, flipped_horizontally=True),
]
class PlayerCharacter(arcade.Sprite):
"""Player Sprite"""
def __init__(self):
# Set up parent class
super().__init__()
# Default to face-right
self.character_face_direction = RIGHT_FACING
# Used for flipping between image sequences
self.cur_texture = 0
self.scale = CHARACTER_SCALING
# Track our state
self.jumping = False
self.climbing = False
self.is_on_ladder = False
# --- Load Textures ---
# Images from Kenney.nl's Asset Pack 3
main_path = ":resources:images/animated_characters/male_person/malePerson"
# Load textures for idle standing
self.idle_texture_pair = load_texture_pair(f"{main_path}_idle.png")
self.jump_texture_pair = load_texture_pair(f"{main_path}_jump.png")
self.fall_texture_pair = load_texture_pair(f"{main_path}_fall.png")
# Load textures for walking
self.walk_textures = []
for i in range(8):
texture = load_texture_pair(f"{main_path}_walk{i}.png")
self.walk_textures.append(texture)
# Load textures for climbing
self.climbing_textures = []
texture = arcade.load_texture(f"{main_path}_climb0.png")
self.climbing_textures.append(texture)
texture = arcade.load_texture(f"{main_path}_climb1.png")
self.climbing_textures.append(texture)
# Set the initial texture
self.texture = self.idle_texture_pair[0]
# Hit box will be set based on the first image used. If you want to specify
# a different hit box, you can do it like the code below.
# set_hit_box = [[-22, -64], [22, -64], [22, 28], [-22, 28]]
self.hit_box = self.texture.hit_box_points
def update_animation(self, delta_time: float = 1 / 60):
# Figure out if we need to flip face left or right
if self.change_x < 0 and self.character_face_direction == RIGHT_FACING:
self.character_face_direction = LEFT_FACING
elif self.change_x > 0 and self.character_face_direction == LEFT_FACING:
self.character_face_direction = RIGHT_FACING
# Climbing animation
if self.is_on_ladder:
self.climbing = True
if not self.is_on_ladder and self.climbing:
self.climbing = False
if self.climbing and abs(self.change_y) > 1:
self.cur_texture += 1
if self.cur_texture > 7:
self.cur_texture = 0
if self.climbing:
self.texture = self.climbing_textures[self.cur_texture // 4]
return
# Jumping animation
if self.change_y > 0 and not self.is_on_ladder:
self.texture = self.jump_texture_pair[self.character_face_direction]
return
elif self.change_y < 0 and not self.is_on_ladder:
self.texture = self.fall_texture_pair[self.character_face_direction]
return
# Idle animation
if self.change_x == 0:
self.texture = self.idle_texture_pair[self.character_face_direction]
return
# Walking animation
self.cur_texture += 1
if self.cur_texture > 7:
self.cur_texture = 0
self.texture = self.walk_textures[self.cur_texture][
self.character_face_direction
]
class MyGame(arcade.Window):
"""
Main application class.
"""
def __init__(self):
"""
Initializer for the game
"""
# Call the parent class and set up the window
super().__init__(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SCREEN_TITLE)
# Track the current state of what key is pressed
self.left_pressed = False
self.right_pressed = False
self.up_pressed = False
self.down_pressed = False
self.jump_needs_reset = False
# Our TileMap Object
self.tile_map = None
# Our Scene Object
self.scene = None
# Separate variable that holds the player sprite
self.player_sprite = None
# Our 'physics' engine
self.physics_engine = None
# A Camera that can be used for scrolling the screen
self.camera = None
# A Camera that can be used to draw GUI elements
self.gui_camera = None
self.end_of_map = 0
# Keep track of the score
self.score = 0
# Load sounds
self.collect_coin_sound = arcade.load_sound(":resources:sounds/coin1.wav")
self.jump_sound = arcade.load_sound(":resources:sounds/jump1.wav")
self.game_over = arcade.load_sound(":resources:sounds/gameover1.wav")
def setup(self):
"""Set up the game here. Call this function to restart the game."""
# Set up the Cameras
self.camera = arcade.Camera(self.width, self.height)
self.gui_camera = arcade.Camera(self.width, self.height)
# Map name
map_name = ":resources:tiled_maps/map_with_ladders.json"
# Layer Specific Options for the Tilemap
layer_options = {
LAYER_NAME_PLATFORMS: {
"use_spatial_hash": True,
},
LAYER_NAME_MOVING_PLATFORMS: {
"use_spatial_hash": False,
},
LAYER_NAME_LADDERS: {
"use_spatial_hash": True,
},
LAYER_NAME_COINS: {
"use_spatial_hash": True,
},
}
# Load in TileMap
self.tile_map = arcade.load_tilemap(map_name, TILE_SCALING, layer_options)
# Initiate New Scene with our TileMap, this will automatically add all layers
# from the map as SpriteLists in the scene in the proper order.
self.scene = arcade.Scene.from_tilemap(self.tile_map)
# Keep track of the score
self.score = 0
# Set up the player, specifically placing it at these coordinates.
self.player_sprite = PlayerCharacter()
self.player_sprite.center_x = PLAYER_START_X
self.player_sprite.center_y = PLAYER_START_Y
self.scene.add_sprite(LAYER_NAME_PLAYER, self.player_sprite)
# Calculate the right edge of the my_map in pixels
self.end_of_map = self.tile_map.width * GRID_PIXEL_SIZE
# --- Other stuff
# Set the background color
if self.tile_map.background_color:
arcade.set_background_color(self.tile_map.background_color)
# Create the 'physics engine'
self.physics_engine = arcade.PhysicsEnginePlatformer(
self.player_sprite,
platforms=self.scene[LAYER_NAME_MOVING_PLATFORMS],
gravity_constant=GRAVITY,
ladders=self.scene[LAYER_NAME_LADDERS],
walls=self.scene[LAYER_NAME_PLATFORMS]
)
def on_draw(self):
"""Render the screen."""
# Clear the screen to the background color
self.clear()
# Activate the game camera
self.camera.use()
# Draw our Scene
self.scene.draw()
# Activate the GUI camera before drawing GUI elements
self.gui_camera.use()
# Draw our score on the screen, scrolling it with the viewport
score_text = f"Score: {self.score}"
arcade.draw_text(
score_text,
10,
10,
arcade.csscolor.BLACK,
18,
)
# Draw hit boxes.
# for wall in self.wall_list:
# wall.draw_hit_box(arcade.color.BLACK, 3)
#
# self.player_sprite.draw_hit_box(arcade.color.RED, 3)
def process_keychange(self):
"""
Called when we change a key up/down or we move on/off a ladder.
"""
# Process up/down
if self.up_pressed and not self.down_pressed:
if self.physics_engine.is_on_ladder():
self.player_sprite.change_y = PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEED
elif (
self.physics_engine.can_jump(y_distance=10)
and not self.jump_needs_reset
):
self.player_sprite.change_y = PLAYER_JUMP_SPEED
self.jump_needs_reset = True
arcade.play_sound(self.jump_sound)
elif self.down_pressed and not self.up_pressed:
if self.physics_engine.is_on_ladder():
self.player_sprite.change_y = -PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEED
# Process up/down when on a ladder and no movement
if self.physics_engine.is_on_ladder():
if not self.up_pressed and not self.down_pressed:
self.player_sprite.change_y = 0
elif self.up_pressed and self.down_pressed:
self.player_sprite.change_y = 0
# Process left/right
if self.right_pressed and not self.left_pressed:
self.player_sprite.change_x = PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEED
elif self.left_pressed and not self.right_pressed:
self.player_sprite.change_x = -PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEED
else:
self.player_sprite.change_x = 0
def on_key_press(self, key, modifiers):
"""Called whenever a key is pressed."""
if key == arcade.key.UP or key == arcade.key.W:
self.up_pressed = True
elif key == arcade.key.DOWN or key == arcade.key.S:
self.down_pressed = True
elif key == arcade.key.LEFT or key == arcade.key.A:
self.left_pressed = True
elif key == arcade.key.RIGHT or key == arcade.key.D:
self.right_pressed = True
self.process_keychange()
def on_key_release(self, key, modifiers):
"""Called when the user releases a key."""
if key == arcade.key.UP or key == arcade.key.W:
self.up_pressed = False
self.jump_needs_reset = False
elif key == arcade.key.DOWN or key == arcade.key.S:
self.down_pressed = False
elif key == arcade.key.LEFT or key == arcade.key.A:
self.left_pressed = False
elif key == arcade.key.RIGHT or key == arcade.key.D:
self.right_pressed = False
self.process_keychange()
def center_camera_to_player(self):
screen_center_x = self.player_sprite.center_x - (self.camera.viewport_width / 2)
screen_center_y = self.player_sprite.center_y - (
self.camera.viewport_height / 2
)
if screen_center_x < 0:
screen_center_x = 0
if screen_center_y < 0:
screen_center_y = 0
player_centered = screen_center_x, screen_center_y
self.camera.move_to(player_centered, 0.2)
def on_update(self, delta_time):
"""Movement and game logic"""
# Move the player with the physics engine
self.physics_engine.update()
# Update animations
if self.physics_engine.can_jump():
self.player_sprite.can_jump = False
else:
self.player_sprite.can_jump = True
if self.physics_engine.is_on_ladder() and not self.physics_engine.can_jump():
self.player_sprite.is_on_ladder = True
self.process_keychange()
else:
self.player_sprite.is_on_ladder = False
self.process_keychange()
# Update Animations
self.scene.update_animation(
delta_time, [LAYER_NAME_COINS, LAYER_NAME_BACKGROUND, LAYER_NAME_PLAYER]
)
# Update walls, used with moving platforms
self.scene.update([LAYER_NAME_MOVING_PLATFORMS])
# See if we hit any coins
coin_hit_list = arcade.check_for_collision_with_list(
self.player_sprite, self.scene[LAYER_NAME_COINS]
)
# Loop through each coin we hit (if any) and remove it
for coin in coin_hit_list:
# Figure out how many points this coin is worth
if "Points" not in coin.properties:
print("Warning, collected a coin without a Points property.")
else:
points = int(coin.properties["Points"])
self.score += points
# Remove the coin
coin.remove_from_sprite_lists()
arcade.play_sound(self.collect_coin_sound)
# Position the camera
self.center_camera_to_player()
def main():
"""Main function"""
window = MyGame()
window.setup()
arcade.run()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
|
Source Code#
Animate the player character#
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Platformer Game
python -m arcade.examples.platform_tutorial.12_animate_character
"""
import arcade
# Constants
SCREEN_WIDTH = 1000
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 650
SCREEN_TITLE = "Platformer"
# Constants used to scale our sprites from their original size
TILE_SCALING = 0.5
CHARACTER_SCALING = TILE_SCALING * 2
COIN_SCALING = TILE_SCALING
SPRITE_PIXEL_SIZE = 128
GRID_PIXEL_SIZE = SPRITE_PIXEL_SIZE * TILE_SCALING
# Movement speed of player, in pixels per frame
PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEED = 7
GRAVITY = 1.5
PLAYER_JUMP_SPEED = 30
PLAYER_START_X = SPRITE_PIXEL_SIZE * TILE_SCALING * 2
PLAYER_START_Y = SPRITE_PIXEL_SIZE * TILE_SCALING * 1
# Constants used to track if the player is facing left or right
RIGHT_FACING = 0
LEFT_FACING = 1
LAYER_NAME_MOVING_PLATFORMS = "Moving Platforms"
LAYER_NAME_PLATFORMS = "Platforms"
LAYER_NAME_COINS = "Coins"
LAYER_NAME_BACKGROUND = "Background"
LAYER_NAME_LADDERS = "Ladders"
LAYER_NAME_PLAYER = "Player"
def load_texture_pair(filename):
"""
Load a texture pair, with the second being a mirror image.
"""
return [
arcade.load_texture(filename),
arcade.load_texture(filename, flipped_horizontally=True),
]
class PlayerCharacter(arcade.Sprite):
"""Player Sprite"""
def __init__(self):
# Set up parent class
super().__init__()
# Default to face-right
self.character_face_direction = RIGHT_FACING
# Used for flipping between image sequences
self.cur_texture = 0
self.scale = CHARACTER_SCALING
# Track our state
self.jumping = False
self.climbing = False
self.is_on_ladder = False
# --- Load Textures ---
# Images from Kenney.nl's Asset Pack 3
main_path = ":resources:images/animated_characters/male_person/malePerson"
# Load textures for idle standing
self.idle_texture_pair = load_texture_pair(f"{main_path}_idle.png")
self.jump_texture_pair = load_texture_pair(f"{main_path}_jump.png")
self.fall_texture_pair = load_texture_pair(f"{main_path}_fall.png")
# Load textures for walking
self.walk_textures = []
for i in range(8):
texture = load_texture_pair(f"{main_path}_walk{i}.png")
self.walk_textures.append(texture)
# Load textures for climbing
self.climbing_textures = []
texture = arcade.load_texture(f"{main_path}_climb0.png")
self.climbing_textures.append(texture)
texture = arcade.load_texture(f"{main_path}_climb1.png")
self.climbing_textures.append(texture)
# Set the initial texture
self.texture = self.idle_texture_pair[0]
# Hit box will be set based on the first image used. If you want to specify
# a different hit box, you can do it like the code below.
# set_hit_box = [[-22, -64], [22, -64], [22, 28], [-22, 28]]
self.hit_box = self.texture.hit_box_points
def update_animation(self, delta_time: float = 1 / 60):
# Figure out if we need to flip face left or right
if self.change_x < 0 and self.character_face_direction == RIGHT_FACING:
self.character_face_direction = LEFT_FACING
elif self.change_x > 0 and self.character_face_direction == LEFT_FACING:
self.character_face_direction = RIGHT_FACING
# Climbing animation
if self.is_on_ladder:
self.climbing = True
if not self.is_on_ladder and self.climbing:
self.climbing = False
if self.climbing and abs(self.change_y) > 1:
self.cur_texture += 1
if self.cur_texture > 7:
self.cur_texture = 0
if self.climbing:
self.texture = self.climbing_textures[self.cur_texture // 4]
return
# Jumping animation
if self.change_y > 0 and not self.is_on_ladder:
self.texture = self.jump_texture_pair[self.character_face_direction]
return
elif self.change_y < 0 and not self.is_on_ladder:
self.texture = self.fall_texture_pair[self.character_face_direction]
return
# Idle animation
if self.change_x == 0:
self.texture = self.idle_texture_pair[self.character_face_direction]
return
# Walking animation
self.cur_texture += 1
if self.cur_texture > 7:
self.cur_texture = 0
self.texture = self.walk_textures[self.cur_texture][
self.character_face_direction
]
class MyGame(arcade.Window):
"""
Main application class.
"""
def __init__(self):
"""
Initializer for the game
"""
# Call the parent class and set up the window
super().__init__(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SCREEN_TITLE)
# Track the current state of what key is pressed
self.left_pressed = False
self.right_pressed = False
self.up_pressed = False
self.down_pressed = False
self.jump_needs_reset = False
# Our TileMap Object
self.tile_map = None
# Our Scene Object
self.scene = None
# Separate variable that holds the player sprite
self.player_sprite = None
# Our 'physics' engine
self.physics_engine = None
# A Camera that can be used for scrolling the screen
self.camera = None
# A Camera that can be used to draw GUI elements
self.gui_camera = None
self.end_of_map = 0
# Keep track of the score
self.score = 0
# Load sounds
self.collect_coin_sound = arcade.load_sound(":resources:sounds/coin1.wav")
self.jump_sound = arcade.load_sound(":resources:sounds/jump1.wav")
self.game_over = arcade.load_sound(":resources:sounds/gameover1.wav")
def setup(self):
"""Set up the game here. Call this function to restart the game."""
# Set up the Cameras
self.camera = arcade.Camera(self.width, self.height)
self.gui_camera = arcade.Camera(self.width, self.height)
# Map name
map_name = ":resources:tiled_maps/map_with_ladders.json"
# Layer Specific Options for the Tilemap
layer_options = {
LAYER_NAME_PLATFORMS: {
"use_spatial_hash": True,
},
LAYER_NAME_MOVING_PLATFORMS: {
"use_spatial_hash": False,
},
LAYER_NAME_LADDERS: {
"use_spatial_hash": True,
},
LAYER_NAME_COINS: {
"use_spatial_hash": True,
},
}
# Load in TileMap
self.tile_map = arcade.load_tilemap(map_name, TILE_SCALING, layer_options)
# Initiate New Scene with our TileMap, this will automatically add all layers
# from the map as SpriteLists in the scene in the proper order.
self.scene = arcade.Scene.from_tilemap(self.tile_map)
# Keep track of the score
self.score = 0
# Set up the player, specifically placing it at these coordinates.
self.player_sprite = PlayerCharacter()
self.player_sprite.center_x = PLAYER_START_X
self.player_sprite.center_y = PLAYER_START_Y
self.scene.add_sprite(LAYER_NAME_PLAYER, self.player_sprite)
# Calculate the right edge of the my_map in pixels
self.end_of_map = self.tile_map.width * GRID_PIXEL_SIZE
# --- Other stuff
# Set the background color
if self.tile_map.background_color:
arcade.set_background_color(self.tile_map.background_color)
# Create the 'physics engine'
self.physics_engine = arcade.PhysicsEnginePlatformer(
self.player_sprite,
platforms=self.scene[LAYER_NAME_MOVING_PLATFORMS],
gravity_constant=GRAVITY,
ladders=self.scene[LAYER_NAME_LADDERS],
walls=self.scene[LAYER_NAME_PLATFORMS]
)
def on_draw(self):
"""Render the screen."""
# Clear the screen to the background color
self.clear()
# Activate the game camera
self.camera.use()
# Draw our Scene
self.scene.draw()
# Activate the GUI camera before drawing GUI elements
self.gui_camera.use()
# Draw our score on the screen, scrolling it with the viewport
score_text = f"Score: {self.score}"
arcade.draw_text(
score_text,
10,
10,
arcade.csscolor.BLACK,
18,
)
# Draw hit boxes.
# for wall in self.wall_list:
# wall.draw_hit_box(arcade.color.BLACK, 3)
#
# self.player_sprite.draw_hit_box(arcade.color.RED, 3)
def process_keychange(self):
"""
Called when we change a key up/down or we move on/off a ladder.
"""
# Process up/down
if self.up_pressed and not self.down_pressed:
if self.physics_engine.is_on_ladder():
self.player_sprite.change_y = PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEED
elif (
self.physics_engine.can_jump(y_distance=10)
and not self.jump_needs_reset
):
self.player_sprite.change_y = PLAYER_JUMP_SPEED
self.jump_needs_reset = True
arcade.play_sound(self.jump_sound)
elif self.down_pressed and not self.up_pressed:
if self.physics_engine.is_on_ladder():
self.player_sprite.change_y = -PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEED
# Process up/down when on a ladder and no movement
if self.physics_engine.is_on_ladder():
if not self.up_pressed and not self.down_pressed:
self.player_sprite.change_y = 0
elif self.up_pressed and self.down_pressed:
self.player_sprite.change_y = 0
# Process left/right
if self.right_pressed and not self.left_pressed:
self.player_sprite.change_x = PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEED
elif self.left_pressed and not self.right_pressed:
self.player_sprite.change_x = -PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEED
else:
self.player_sprite.change_x = 0
def on_key_press(self, key, modifiers):
"""Called whenever a key is pressed."""
if key == arcade.key.UP or key == arcade.key.W:
self.up_pressed = True
elif key == arcade.key.DOWN or key == arcade.key.S:
self.down_pressed = True
elif key == arcade.key.LEFT or key == arcade.key.A:
self.left_pressed = True
elif key == arcade.key.RIGHT or key == arcade.key.D:
self.right_pressed = True
self.process_keychange()
def on_key_release(self, key, modifiers):
"""Called when the user releases a key."""
if key == arcade.key.UP or key == arcade.key.W:
self.up_pressed = False
self.jump_needs_reset = False
elif key == arcade.key.DOWN or key == arcade.key.S:
self.down_pressed = False
elif key == arcade.key.LEFT or key == arcade.key.A:
self.left_pressed = False
elif key == arcade.key.RIGHT or key == arcade.key.D:
self.right_pressed = False
self.process_keychange()
def center_camera_to_player(self):
screen_center_x = self.player_sprite.center_x - (self.camera.viewport_width / 2)
screen_center_y = self.player_sprite.center_y - (
self.camera.viewport_height / 2
)
if screen_center_x < 0:
screen_center_x = 0
if screen_center_y < 0:
screen_center_y = 0
player_centered = screen_center_x, screen_center_y
self.camera.move_to(player_centered, 0.2)
def on_update(self, delta_time):
"""Movement and game logic"""
# Move the player with the physics engine
self.physics_engine.update()
# Update animations
if self.physics_engine.can_jump():
self.player_sprite.can_jump = False
else:
self.player_sprite.can_jump = True
if self.physics_engine.is_on_ladder() and not self.physics_engine.can_jump():
self.player_sprite.is_on_ladder = True
self.process_keychange()
else:
self.player_sprite.is_on_ladder = False
self.process_keychange()
# Update Animations
self.scene.update_animation(
delta_time, [LAYER_NAME_COINS, LAYER_NAME_BACKGROUND, LAYER_NAME_PLAYER]
)
# Update walls, used with moving platforms
self.scene.update([LAYER_NAME_MOVING_PLATFORMS])
# See if we hit any coins
coin_hit_list = arcade.check_for_collision_with_list(
self.player_sprite, self.scene[LAYER_NAME_COINS]
)
# Loop through each coin we hit (if any) and remove it
for coin in coin_hit_list:
# Figure out how many points this coin is worth
if "Points" not in coin.properties:
print("Warning, collected a coin without a Points property.")
else:
points = int(coin.properties["Points"])
self.score += points
# Remove the coin
coin.remove_from_sprite_lists()
arcade.play_sound(self.collect_coin_sound)
# Position the camera
self.center_camera_to_player()
def main():
"""Main function"""
window = MyGame()
window.setup()
arcade.run()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
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